There are several studies on Pakistan’s external relations but none of them paint the picture on as wide a canvas as the one chosen for this work. Most studies deal with bilateral relations, however, the scope of this work is much wider. This book examines Pakistan’s relations with India, China, the United States, and Afghanistan and several other countries in a dynamic framework. The author looks at Pakistan’s external relations from several disciplinary angles and explains that it is difficult to fully comprehend economic changes—in particular, the influences on the making of public policy—without understanding the political, social, and cultural environment in which Pakistan’s economy functions. Some of the topics discussed in the book are demography; geography; migrations; religion; climate change and global warning; American–China trade war; America’s conflict with Iran; India’s decision to absorb Kashmir as a ‘territory’ of the Indian Union; and the impact of international migration on the political systems in several Western nations.